Bearings are an important component in contemporary mechanical equipment, whose main function is to support the rotating body of the machinery, reduce the friction coefficient during its movement, and ensure its rotational accuracy. Rolling bearings generally consist of four parts: outer ring, inner ring, rolling element, and retainer. According to the shape of the rolling element, rolling bearings are divided into two categories: ball bearings and roller bearings. Although there are many types of rolling bearings with differences in their structural types, tolerance levels, material selection, and processing methods, their basic manufacturing processes are similar. Below, the editor will briefly introduce the processing technology of bearing components:

1、 Bearing manufacturing process sequence

(1) Manufacturing of bearing parts - Inspection of bearing parts - Demagnetization, cleaning, and rust prevention of bearing parts - Assembly of bearings - Inspection of bearing products - Demagnetization and cleaning of bearing products - Oil coating and packaging of bearing products - Storage of finished products.

(2) The ring is an important component of rolling bearings. Due to the wide variety of rolling bearings, the size, structure, manufacturing equipment, and process methods of the ring for different types of bearings are different. Due to the multiple processing steps, complex process, and high precision requirements of the ring machining, the machining quality of the ring has an important impact on the accuracy, service life, and performance of the bearing.

2、 Process sequence of bearing ring

The raw materials for the manufacturing of rolling bearing rings are cylindrical bar or tube materials. Currently, according to different forming processes, rolling bearing rings generally have the following manufacturing processes.

(1) Bar material: cutting - forging - annealing (or normalizing) - turning (cold pressing forming) - heat treatment quenching, tempering - grinding - part inspection - demagnetization, cleaning - submission for assembly.

(2) Bar and tube materials: cutting - cold rolling forming - heat treatment quenching, tempering - grinding - part inspection - demagnetization, cleaning - submission for assembly.

(3) Pipe material: cutting - turning forming - heat treatment quenching and tempering - grinding - part inspection - demagnetization, cleaning - submission for assembly

(4) Bar material: cutting - cold (warm) extrusion forming - turning - heat treatment quenching and tempering - grinding - part inspection - demagnetization, cleaning - submission for assembly

3、 Ring forming method

At present, there are several main forming methods in ring processing: forging forming, turning forming, cold rolling forming, and cold (warm) extrusion forming.

(1) Forging can eliminate inherent defects in metals, improve metal structure, and ensure reasonable distribution of metal flow lines and good metal tightness through forging processing. The forging forming process is widely used in bearing forming, and common forging forming methods include hot forging, cold forging, and warm forging.

(2) Stamping forming process is an advanced process method that can improve material utilization, enhance metal structure density, and maintain metal flow linearity. It is a chip free processing method. When using stamping and forging processes, the accuracy of the product is not only affected by equipment accuracy, but also by the accuracy of the forming mold.

(3) The traditional turning forming technology uses a specialized lathe and a centralized process method to complete the forming process. More and more products with complex shapes and high precision requirements are adopting CNC turning forming technology.

4、 Selection of bearing processing oil

When using hot forging technology for bearing accessories, suitable metal processing oils are usually selected according to the different processes to improve workpiece accuracy and processing efficiency.

(1) Cold forging: Cold forging forming oil or strong shrinkage oil is often used to improve the accuracy of the workpiece.

(2) Stamping: Due to the limitation of stamping process on the accuracy of the mold, special stamping oil is selected to extend the service life of the mold and ensure the accuracy of the workpiece.

(3) Turning: The accuracy of turning technology is mainly related to the feed rate and tool strength of the cutting process. Choosing specialized lathe cutting oil can effectively reduce cutting temperature and prevent the occurrence of thermal deformation.